檢視 Java 的原始碼

{{Infobox programming language
|name = Java
|logo = [[File:Java.gif|120px]]
|paradigm = [[物件導向程式設計]], [[結構化程式設計]]<!--, [[指令式編程]]-->
|year = 1990年代
|designer = [http://tw.sun.com/ 昇陽電腦]
|latest release version = 20
|latest release date = {{Start date and age|2023|04|21}}
|typing = <!--[[Type system#Static and dynamic typing|Static]], [[Type system#Strong and weak typing|strong]], [[Type system#Safely and unsafely typed systems|safe]], [[Nominative type system|nominative]]-->
|implementations = <!--[[List of Java virtual machines|Numerous]]-->
|dialects =
|influenced_by =<!-- [[Objective-C]], [[C++]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel programming language|Eiffel]], [[C Sharp|C#]]<ref>In Java 5.0, several features (the [[foreach|enhanced for loop]], [[autoboxing]], [[varargs]], [[annotation]]s and [[enumerated type|enums]]) were introduced, after proving themselves useful in the similar (and competing) language [[C Sharp|C#]]. [http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/][http://www.levenez.com/lang/][http://eclipsezone.com/eclipse/forums/t54318.html]</ref>-->
|influenced = <!--C#, [[D programming language|D]], [[J sharp|J#]], [[PHP]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada&nbsp;2005]]-->
|operating_system = [[跨平台]]
|license = [[GPL]]
|website = http://www.java.com/
}}
'''Java'''，
*{{wikipedia|Java_(programming_language)|lang=en}}
*[https://www.oracle.com/java/ Java Software | Oracle]
 
==技術文件==
*[https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/ Java Documentation - Get Started]
*{{wikipedia|Java_syntax|lang=en}}
*{{wikipedia|Portal:Java|lang=en}}
*{{wikibooks|Shelf:Java_programming_language|lang=en}}
*{{wikiversity|Portal:Java|lang=en}}
*[https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/stage?listBy=final JSR]（Java Specification Request）
*[http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/0 JEP]（JDK Enhancement Proposals）

; java
*[https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/index.html Java Platform, Standard Edition Documentation]（JDK 7～JDK 20）
*[https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/index.html Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 7 Release 7]
*[https://docs.oracle.com/javame/8.3/index.html Java Platform, Micro Edition Embedded (Java ME Embedded) 8.3]
*[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/index.html The Java Tutorials]
*[http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Learning_JAVA Learning JAVA] - wikiversity
*[http://oss-tw.blogspot.com/2008/02/java-se-6-api.html Java SE 6 API 文檔-正體中文版]
*[http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/all JSRs: Java Specification Requests]
*[http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SS8PJ7_9.0.0/org.eclipse.platform.doc.user/gettingStarted/intro/overview.htm?lang=zh-tw Java 開發人員使用手冊]

; javadoc
*[http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/ Java SE 1.4.2 API] / [http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/ docs]
*[http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/ Java SE 1.5.0 API] / [http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs docs]
*[http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/ Java SE 6 API] / [http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/ docs]
*:[http://gceclub.sun.com.cn/Java_Docs/jdk6/html/zh_CN/api/index.html 簡体中文]
*[http://java.sun.com/javase/7/docs/api/ Java SE 7 API] / [http://java.sun.com/javase/7/docs/ docs]
*[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/ Java SE 8]（[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/index.html API]、[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/ docs]）

;ScriptEngine
*[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/scripting/programmer_guide/index.html Java Scripting Programmer's Guide]
*[http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2SE/Desktop/scripting/ Scripting for the Java Platform]

; 相關教學
*[http://caterpillar.onlyfun.net/Gossip/JavaGossip-V1/JavaGossip.htm Java Gossip（一）]
*[http://caterpillar.onlyfun.net/Gossip/JavaGossip-V2/JavaGossip2.htm Java Gossip（二）]
*[http://sun.cis.scu.edu.tw/~nms9115/articles/java/WebAppTutor/ServletPrimer/ServletPrimer.htm Java Servlet 程式設計初步]
*[http://elearning.stut.edu.tw/media/java/index.htm Java教材 - 南台科技大學]
*[http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Java/CatalogJava.htm Java Tutorial]
*[https://github.com/JustinSDK/JavaSE6Tutorial Java SE 6 技術手冊]
*[https://www.codejava.net/java-se Java SE Tutorials]
*[https://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial Java Tutorial | Learn Java Programming - javatpoint]

==Java的版本==
{{main|Java的各版本}}
# Java SE（Java Standard Edition）
#:用於用戶端，{{wikipedia|J2SE}}。
# [[Jakarta EE]]，原名Java EE（Java Platform, Enterprise Edition），或J2EE（Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition）
#:用於伺服器端（內建一套網頁伺服器），{{wikipedia|J2EE}}。
# Java ME（Java Micro Edition）
#:用於手機或其他嵌入式系统，{{wikipedia|J2ME}}。

==Java程式的種類==
* 圖形化使用者介面應用程式
# [http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/awt/ AWT（Abstract Window Toolkit）]，{{wikipedia|Abstract_Window_Toolkit|lang=en}}。
# [http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/swing/ Swing]，{{wikipedia|Swing_(Java)|lang=en}}。
* 伺服器端應用程式
# [[Jakarta Servlet]]
# [[JSP]]

==開發工具==
;RunTime
:*[https://www.java.com/zh-TW/download/manual.jsp Java Runtime Environment]

;SDK
:*[https://openjdk.java.net/ OpenJDK]
:*[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html Java SE]
:*[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/downloads/index.html Java EE]
:*[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded/javame/javame-sdk/overview/index.html Jama ME]

;技術文件
:*[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/api-141528.html API文件] <!-- [http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/new2java/javamap/intro.html 技術概念圖]
:*[http://developers.sun.com.cn/home/sdnchina/home/ Sun中国技术社区- Sun Developer Network (SDN) Home]-->

;IDE
{{see|IDE#Java}}

;Tools
:*[http://ant.apache.org/ Ant] - [http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html 手冊]
::*入門 [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48098&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 1] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48099&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 2] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48100&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 3] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48101&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 4] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48102&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 5] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48104&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 6] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48105&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 7] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48106&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 8] [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/post/view?bid=11&id=48107&sty=3&keywords=Ant+%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80 9]
:*[http://www.swig.org/ SWIG]……Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator

;逆向工具
{{main|逆向工程#Java}}

; 編譯器
*[http://llvm.org/ LLVM]，{{wikipedia|LLVM|lang=en}}（持續發展中）
*[http://gcc.gnu.org/java/ GCJ]，{{wikipedia|GNU_Compiler_for_Java|lang=en}}（2009年發展中斷）

==Java用相關模組套件==
{| class="wikitable sortable" bgcolor="#1f1f1f" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|-
!模組名稱
!分類
!用途
|-
| [http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/index.html Batik SVG Toolkit] || 圖形 ||
|-
| [http://commons.apache.org/codec/ Apache Commons Codec] || 網站(伺服器端) ||
|-
| [http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient HttpClient] || 網站(伺服器端) || 跨站台讀取網頁用
|-
| [http://logging.apache.org/log4j/ Apache log4j] || Log ||
|-
| [http://sourceforge.net/projects/lumberjack Lumberjack Logging Package] || Log ||
|-
| [[JavaMail]] || eMail ||{{wikipedia|JavaMail|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/ JFreeChart] || 圖形 ||
|-
| [http://jmsn.sourceforge.net/ JMSN] || MSN || Open source MSN messenger clone by Java（但開發文件都韓文的）
|-
| [http://xerces.apache.org/xerces-j/ Xerces Java Parser] || XML ||
|-
| [https://jaxp.dev.java.net/ JAXP] || XML || Java API for XML Processing
|-
| [[JDBC]] || 資料庫 || {{wikipedia|Java_Database_Connectivity|lang=en}}
|-
| [[Jakarta Project]] || ||
|-
| [http://db.apache.org/jdo/javadoc.html JDO（Java Data Objects）] || 資料庫 || {{wikipedia|Java_Data_Objects|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://www.jinfonet.com/downloadjreport/ JReport] || 報表 || {{wikipedia|JReport|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/ Rhino: JavaScript for Java] || Script引擎||JavaScript
|-
| [http://www.beanshell.org/ BeanShell] || Script引擎||Lightweight Scripting for Java
|-
| [[Java Media Framework|JMF（Java Media Framework）]] || 多媒體 || {{wikipedia|Java_Media_Framework|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index-135046.html JavaBeans Activation Framework] || ||{{wikipedia|JavaBeans_Activation_Framework|lang=en}}
|-
| [[Java 3D]]|| 圖形 || {{wikipedia|Java_3D|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://jogamp.org/jogl/www/ JOGL（Java Binding for the OpenGL API）]|| 圖形 ||{{wikipedia|Java_Bindings_for_OpenGL|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://jogamp.org/jocl/www/ JOCL（Java binding for the OpenCL API）]|| 計算 ||
|-
| [http://jogamp.org/joal/www/ JOAL（Java binding for the OpenAL API）]|| 聲音 ||{{wikipedia|Java_OpenAL}}
|-
| [http://explodingart.com/jmusic/ jMusic] || 音樂  || {{wikipedia|JMusic|lang=en}}
|-
| [http://www.lwjgl.org/ Lightweight Java Game Library] || 遊戲 || {{wikipedia|Lightweight_Java_Game_Library|lang=en}}
|}

;其它
*[http://java-source.net/ Open Source Software in Java]

==討論區==
* [http://www.javaworld.com.tw/jute/ JavaWorld@TW]
* [http://www.programmer-club.com/pc2020v5/forum/forumN.asp?board_pc2020=java 程式設計俱樂部]
* [http://www.andowson.com/forums/list.page 安道生網站技術練功房]

==OpenSource==
* [http://www.open-open.com/ Java开源大全]
* [http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Java_Project OWASP_Java_Project]

==相關==
* [[JSP]]
* [[Tomcat]]


==FAQ==
===字串比較===
* 字串比較必須透過使用java.lang.String，不能直接使用 == 或 !=
** public int compareTo(String str)
** public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)
** 或 Collator.compare(String str1, String str2)

===StringBuilder在JRE 1.4版以前，不存在===
* 改用近似的 [http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuffer.html StringBuffer]

===跨語言整合===
*[http://www.jscripter.org JS Libraries]（Java To Script）
*[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/Rhino Rhino]，{{wikipedia|Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)|lang=en}}

===Java啟動參數===
*[http://blog.csdn.net/sfdev/article/details/2062042 JAVA启动参数大全之一：标准参数]
*[http://blog.csdn.net/sfdev/article/details/2063464 JAVA启动参数大全之二：非标准参数]
*[http://blog.csdn.net/sfdev/article/details/2063928 JAVA启动参数大全之三：非Stable参数] 

===多執行緒下的資料同步===
*[http://www.jackforfun.com/2007/07/java-synchronized.html Java Synchronized 心得]

===判斷Object裡原本的資料類型===
*[http://www.busfly.net/csdn/post/java-object-instanceof.html java中判断Object对象类型]

===查詢系統狀態===
{| width="100%" class="wikitable"
|-
!用途!!code
|-
|CPU核心總數量
|int processors = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
|-
|CPU架構
|string cpu = System.getProperties("os.arch");
|-
|作業系統名稱
|string Name = System.getProperties("os.name");
|-
|作業系統版本
|string ver = System.getProperties("os.version");

|-
|剩餘可用記憶體 
|long freeMem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
|-
|執行緒總數
|<pre>
ThreadGroup rootGroup = Thread.currentThread( ).getThreadGroup( );
ThreadGroup parentGroup;
while ( ( parentGroup = rootGroup.getParent() ) != null ) {
	rootGroup = parentGroup;
}
int activeCount = rootGroup.activeCount();
</pre>
|-
|}
*相關：
**[http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-detect-os-in-java-systemgetpropertyosname/ How to detect OS in Java – System.getProperty(“os.name”)]

===如何檢查預設的Java VM版本===
<pre>
java -version
</pre>

===從外部Class去Call私有的成員函數===
*[http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-reflection/private-fields-and-methods.html Java Reflection: Private Fields and Methods]

===預防Null Pointer Exception===
*在使用指標前先判斷是否為Null，如果是字串比較的話，就把順序倒過來寫，如下
*[http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/06/avoid-null-pointer-exception-in-java.html Avoid Null Pointer Exception in Java]

===enum如何轉換成int===
*[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8157755/how-to-convert-enum-value-to-int How to convert enum value to int?]
===javax.xml.bind在Java 11以後被移除===
*[https://blog.csdn.net/hadues/article/details/79188793 真正解决方案：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBException_Java_技术宅星云-CSDN博客-CSDN博客]
*[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52502189/java-11-package-javax-xml-bind-does-not-exist jakarta ee - Java 11 package javax.xml.bind does not exist - Stack Overflow]
===The constructor Integer(int) is deprecated since version 9===
* new Integer(0) 改寫成 Integer.valueOf(0) 依此類推
===Java 9開始導入的module技術===
*[https://www.ithome.com.tw/voice/112345 Java 9模組化概觀 | iThome]
*[https://www.baeldung.com/java-9-modularity A Guide to Java 9 Modularity | Baeldung]
*[https://www.infoq.com/articles/Project-Jigsaw-Coming-in-Java-9/ Project Jigsaw is Really Coming in Java 9]
*[http://openjdk.java.net/projects/jigsaw/spec/sotms/ The State of the Module System]
===檔案下載===
*[https://www.baeldung.com/java-download-file Download a File From an URL in Java | Baeldung]
===MP3撥放===
*[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6045384/playing-mp3-and-wav-in-java audio - Playing .mp3 and .wav in Java? - Stack Overflow]
===.jar檔轉.exe檔===
*[http://launch4j.sourceforge.net/ Launch4j - Cross-platform Java executable wrapper]
**[https://home.gamer.com.tw/creationDetail.php?sn=4663235 【教學】如何將Java程式轉執行檔(*.exe) - qpal147147的創作 - 巴哈姆特]

[[Category:程式語言]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Sun]]